Dyslexia is associated with poor spelling and decoding difficulties, which affect reading fluency and literacy performance collectively. It is best understood as a developmental disorder, meaning that its manifestations change over time as children progress through different stages of reading acquisition. Research consistently shows that difficulties are not static but evolve alongside literacy development, especially when individuals are bilingual. Bilingual children are reported to differ from monolinguals in metalinguistic and morphological tasks. The seminar explores reading development in monolingual and bilingual learners and its interaction with dyslexia with emphasis on how literacy skills develop across languages as well as the influence of orthographic transparency.
